~~~~~ 2nd Lecture - Networking ~~~~

[k2s]

sHa_clap4 sHa_clap4 sHa_clap4 sHa_clap4


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a member ni neney  sFun_duh sFun_duh sFun_duh

[robo]

[quote author=k2s link=topic=232200.msg2880184#msg2880184 date=1314831221]
sHa_clap4 sHa_clap4 sHa_clap4 sHa_clap4


1 Member and 4 Guests are viewing this topic.

a member ni neney  sFun_duh sFun_duh sFun_duh
[/quote]adi nenu nuv kadu naku kuda ade kanipistondhi  Dr@w@ Dr@w@

[k2s]

Transport
The transport layer implements reliable internetwork data transport services that are transparent to upper layers. Transport layer functions typically include the following:

Flow control - Flow control manages data transmission between devices so that the transmitting device does not send more data than the receiving device can process.
Sliding Window - This allows the receiving computer to dictate to the receiving end how many packets the receiver is capable of receiving at one time.
Multiplexing - Multiplexing allows data from several applications to be transmitted onto a single physical link.
Virtual circuit management - Virtual circuits are established, maintained, and terminated by the transport layer.
Three-way handshake - The three-way handshake is a connection establishment protocol. First, host A sends a SYN segment to host B in order to check that host B gets ready for establishing a TCP connection. Second, when host B receives the SYN segment that host A sent and is ready to start the TCP session, it sends a SYN and ACK segment back to host A. This ACK advertises an arrival of the first SYN segment to host A. Finally, host A sends an ACK segment for the second SYN and ACK segment that host B sent.
Error checking and recovery - Error checking mechanisms for detecting transmission errors. Error recovery involves taking an action (such as requesting that data be retransmitted) to resolve any errors that occur.
The two most common Transport layer protocols are TCP and UDP.
Common Transport Layer Ports
21 FTP
22 SSH
23 telnet
25 SMTP
53 DNS
80 HTTP
110 POP3
143 IMAP
443 HTTPS

[k2s]

The network layer provides routing and related functions that allow multiple data links to be combined into an internetwork. This is accomplished by the logical addressing (as opposed to the physical addressing) of devices. The network layer supports both connection-oriented and connectionless service from higher-layer protocols.

Common protocols on the Network layer are BGP and OSPF. RIP is another Network layer protocol, but is not used on larger networks because of its inefficiency.

[k2s]

The data link layer defines the rules (protocols) that determine when a device can send data
over a particular medium. Data link protocols also define the format of a header and trailer
  that allows devices attached to the medium to send and receive data successfully. The data
link trailer, which follows the encapsulated data, typically defines a Frame Check Sequence
  (FCS) field, which allows the receiving device to detect transmission errors.

[k2s]

The physical layer defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between communicating network systems. Physical layer specifications define such characteristics as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, and the physical connectors to be used.

Common examples of things that work on the Physical layer are Fiber Optic cables, CAT5 (ethernet) cables, and Copper Twisted Pair.

[img]http://i52.tinypic.com/2j269oo.gif[/img]

[k2s]

[img]http://i52.tinypic.com/23h4v36.gif[/img]

[robo]

[quote author=k2s link=topic=232200.msg2880187#msg2880187 date=1314831259]
Transport
The transport layer implements reliable internetwork data transport services that are transparent to upper layers. Transport layer functions typically include the following:

Flow control - Flow control manages data transmission between devices so that the transmitting device does not send more data than the receiving device can process.
Sliding Window - This allows the receiving computer to dictate to the receiving end how many packets the receiver is capable of receiving at one time.
Multiplexing - Multiplexing allows data from several applications to be transmitted onto a single physical link.
Virtual circuit management - Virtual circuits are established, maintained, and terminated by the transport layer.
Three-way handshake - The three-way handshake is a connection establishment protocol. First, host A sends a SYN segment to host B in order to check that host B gets ready for establishing a TCP connection. Second, when host B receives the SYN segment that host A sent and is ready to start the TCP session, it sends a SYN and ACK segment back to host A. This ACK advertises an arrival of the first SYN segment to host A. Finally, host A sends an ACK segment for the second SYN and ACK segment that host B sent.
Error checking and recovery - Error checking mechanisms for detecting transmission errors. Error recovery involves taking an action (such as requesting that data be retransmitted) to resolve any errors that occur.
The two most common Transport layer protocols are TCP and UDP.
Common Transport Layer Ports
21 FTP
22 SSH
23 telnet
25 SMTP
53 DNS
80 HTTP
110 POP3
143 IMAP
443 HTTPS
[/quote]ports ante ento kuda explain chei mama

[k2s]

[img]http://i52.tinypic.com/fwmvyr.gif[/img]

[robo]

[quote author=k2s link=topic=232200.msg2880216#msg2880216 date=1314831629]
[img]http://i52.tinypic.com/fwmvyr.gif[/img]
[/quote]nice one idi book mark chesukovalsina pic  s%H#

[k2s]

[quote author=ROBO link=topic=232200.msg2880209#msg2880209 date=1314831555]
ports ante ento kuda explain chei mama
[/quote]each application listen to their own ports........ that means...... oka application(HTML, FTP, HTTP, SSL etc) pani cheyyali ante... that application listens to their respective defined ports

[robo]

[quote author=k2s link=topic=232200.msg2880239#msg2880239 date=1314831824]
each application listen to their own ports........ that means...... oka application(HTML, FTP, HTTP, SSL etc) pani cheyyali ante... that application listens to their respective defined ports
[/quote]but ports ni customize  cheyachu kada
what exactly is the port for and why we use port concept at all or  sCo_^Y

[robo]

F@!n

[k2s]

[quote author=ROBO link=topic=232200.msg2880247#msg2880247 date=1314831891]
but ports ni customize  cheyachu kada
what exactly is the port for and why we use port concept at all or  sCo_^Y
[/quote]

when u send an email, browing some web - like AFDB, vdo watching etc.... doing many at a time.... that means.... each application will generate packets.....& when they reach you computer or destination server.... how does server know which packets are what type ???

[robo]

[quote author=k2s link=topic=232200.msg2880323#msg2880323 date=1314832636]
when u send an email, browing some web - like AFDB, vdo watching etc.... doing many at a time.... that means.... each application will generate packets.....& when they reach you computer or destination server.... how does server know which packets are what type ???
[/quote] packet header holds the info about each packet